Money Bring Happiness Free Essays

â€Å"It isn't cash that raises satisfaction however what we do and how we do it† 309 Money is regularly refered to as a vital material for individuals to fulfill their necessities went from the least difficult to the most convoluted want. Consequently, numerous individuals consume their entire time on earth looking for cash which offers them most extreme joy and super force. Interestingly, I genuinely accept that it isn't cash that raises bliss however what we do and how we do it. We will compose a custom article test on Cash Bring Happiness or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Talking about mindset, cash isn't essential and adequate condition driving us to joy. What is bliss? Basically, bliss is the manner in which individuals feel happy with what they have. Let’s me back it up by certain representations. An artist will feel sublimated when he wraps up a magnum opus of sonnet. A stamp assortment will clearly content with looking and prizing his stamps. Indeed, even an elderly person can grin for entire day in the event that he dominates a match of chess. Without a doubt, in such cases, cash assumes no job in the people feeling. Subsequently, I totally accept that individuals can feel very satisfied and glad with no impedance from cash. Also, to come clean, being caught up in procuring cash can bring about the loss of joy of the individuals throughout everyday life. In the appeared world, individuals continue proposing which is the most ideal approach to put away their cash, what the most gainful market section is qualified to be placed cash in and who is the most reasonable individual who will control the portfolio. The individuals fixated on cash can undoubtedly overlook their really significant assignments, for example, thinking about their families, having time with their friends†¦etc. They trap themselves in the emerged aspiration and lose what are critical to their life. How might they feel glad? To wrap up, in my point of view, joy can’t be developed exclusively on cash. That’s the explanation we should think about numerous aspects of life as opposed to cash. The most effective method to refer to Money Bring Happiness, Essay models

A day of sorrow is longer than a month of joy Essay

This Chinese axiom renders (redäÆ') in a manufactured way the way that we see the time in an abstract manner, as per the states of mind made by the response to the occasions that we experience. At the point when we go through terrible occasion of life, we feel feeble, helpless, even sad and everything appears to turn out badly in our life; along these lines, time appears to be longer than it really is. Then again, when we live glad minutes , everything appears to go impeccably , we get enough capacity to improve our life, our family ties , our associations with others and we are progressively happy with ourselves. However, for what reason do we feel that daily of distress is longer than a month of happiness ? It is said that despondency is a totally reasonable reaction to specific misfortunes so when we lose our fearlessness, or our wellbeing, our family ties, our companions or in any event, when we do things which are disagreeable for us, we end up by feeling awful and time appears to freeze. In any case, when we feel satisfied or when we do things that we like, we feel better and time appears to fly. The issue is that the vast majority of us will in general remain with what we know as opposed to pick any type of progress. Accordingly, we keep on being miserable. On the off chance that we choose to change things, nonetheless, at that point we start an excursion that no one but we can delineate. We ought to permit ourselves to look up the way that it is conceivable to really dispose of questions and figure out how to be more battled with our life. This will get a difference in numerous viewpoints our life including our standpoint, our connections and our decisions.

Review Of Research Example

Review Of Research Example Review Of Research â€" Assignment Example > Critical ReviewIn his talk, ‘Onset and development of Language in Children with autism spectrum disorder’, Steven Stagg looks at the differences between High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome in relation to onset and development of language in children. The writer looks at the onset and development of language in children with autism spectrum disorder. He starts by explaining what autism in relation to language development. Autism is characterised by impairment in social interaction, abnormalities in communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. Since autism is not a single disorder but a spectrum of closely related disorders, it is useful to make a distinction of the spectrum of disorders from low functioning to high functioning based on IQ. This helps in distinguishing from autism disorder, Asperger Sydrome (AS) versus High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and pervasive developmental disorder. The differentiation is mainly observe d in social tasks and executive functioning tasks. Children suffering from AS have a better understanding of belief terms in language, that is think, know and guess, and they have less social impairments than those suffering from HFA. In a play ground setting, children with AS are more likely to approach other people in the play ground setting. When given executive functioning tasks, children with AS are better at switching from global to local than those with HFA and they are more flexible generational tasks. The key element separating HFA and SA is language onset. To measure this, it is important to look at the kind of IQ level both in the children that have a typical language onset and those that have a delayed language onset. The question to ask in looking at these differences is why some children have delayed language onset yet they develop similar IQ levels to the children who do not experience delay. The writer attributes the differences in language developments to the crit eria used to differentiate the two groups. Studies have shown that getting the right input in early development is needed for typical brain functioning. Attention to social objects is important in language development. Khul (2003) asserts that social contact is important in language learning. Joint attention is a major precursor to language development (Carpenter et al. , 1998). A study by Tadic et al (2010) revealed that partially sighted infants follow a similar developmental trajectory to children with ASD. Attention to social objects is an important factor in language onset and development. To differentiate between children with HFA and AS, it is important to observe patterns of social attention. Studies observing the reaction time between face to face and back to back responses show that the stronger the preference towards interacting faces, the earlier the onset of the first words. Attention preference to salient social stimuli affects other areas of social processing. One f actor that underlies the attentional preference is arousal. arousal level is associated language level and patterns of eye contact. The writer points out that social attention, when observed through language onset, differentiates HFA and AS children. Since autism is a not a single disorder but a spectrum of closely-related disorders, the method of differentiation through language onset is an excellent method. To determine whether there is a problem in language development between autistic children and other children, then it is important to look at the basic underlying factors in language development. This is a strong feature in the research. A limitation of using the IQ is that children with the AS may develop an IQ just like those that do not have the disorder. Therefore it would be difficult to determine if a child had autism by just considering the IQ. However a looking at other factors that are important to language development is important to explaining that autism is not sol ely responsible for delayed language development.

William Shakespeare s Sonnet 130 - 756 Words

â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.† Rather than focusing on appearances, or whatever meets the eye, Sonnet 130 ,takes the love poem to a deeper,level where looks are no longer important and it is inner beauty that matters. Shakespeare paints this picture using a wonderful combination of details.This type of rare love is exemplified in William Shakespeare’s ‘Sonnet 130’a poem where Shakespeare dismisses conventional ideals of love and describes unconditional love. At first, the speaker is arguing that although his mistress may not have all the standard qualities that are considered beautiful, to him, she is as beautiful as any woman who is highly praised and subjected to false comparisons: he loves her for her own natural beauty. Shakespeare puts virtually indescribable feelings into beautiful words that convey the complex nature of love. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 130† mocks Petrarchan beauty standards by admitting love for a woman who is not seen as traditionally beautiful, by conveying that a woman’s physical beauty does not factor in true love.By going against petrarchan beauty standards, Shakespeare isolates his mistress’ physical features in a way that paints her in an unflattering light,â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun† (1) By contrasting his mistress’ eyes to the sun, the speaker is saying that because the sun is bright and gives life, her eyes are dull are boring.In Shakespeare’s time period, brightShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 1301123 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sa rcasm, and the Petrarchan form against itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unrealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, Shakespeare largelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130851 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes used to profess admiration to a lover. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare redefined what love poems were, by making his poem a parody of the conventional love poems that were written by poets in the sixteenth to seventeenth century. Prior to this poem, love poems were praised for their romantic appeals where more often than not they praised women for their beauty and god like appearance. This poem was known to be one of Shakespeare’s most famous sonnets because of its central idea that love is not onlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130887 Words   |  4 PagesShakespearean Sonnets consist of 154 Sonnets that are well know for their themes such as passage of time, love, beauty, and mortality. Out of all the Sonnets, Sonnet 130 is the most significant because Shakespeare mocks the concept of traditional Sonnets. The traditional sonnet were usually love poems or Sonnets that person would show how much they praise someone or thing by exaggerating their beauty through imagery and comparisons. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare does the complete opposite comparedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 18 And 130900 Words   |  4 Pages(Line 1). These are both two of the famous lines from William Shakespeare’s sonnet 18 and 130. William Shakespeare was an intelligent English playwright, poet, and dramatist during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. He is known as one of the greatest playwrights of all time. Sonnet 18 and 130 are two of Shakespeare’s most famous poems. Sonnet 18 is a love poem about how he compares the woman’s love to a summer’s day. Sonnet 130 has a differ ent approach. It is still a comparisonRead MoreSonnet Analysis Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pageschocolates and teddy bears or maybe a romantic sonnet? The clichà © of these superficial representations have been around for years and continue to plague our society today. But are the traditional roses on Valentine’s Day and anniversaries really a good signification of true love or would you prefer a unique and realistic approach? Good morning/ good afternoon Mr. Day and classmates, today I will be comparing two sonnets. These sonnets deal with the issue of ideal and unconventionalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Love1612 Words   |  7 Pageswill focus on the poetry of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a world-renowned poet and playwright. Shakespeare had a romantic heart and his poetry is shaped by love. His poems usually depict the passion and sacredness of relationships. By comparing two poems from William Shakespeare it is shown how he has been able to articulate the poetic theme of love. This seminar will analyze and explore two of Shakespeare’s poems focusing on the particular theme of love. Shakespeare deals with deep and enduringRead MoreLove in Shakespeares Sonnets 18 and 130 Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesAlmost four hundred years after his death, William Shakespeares work continues to live on through his readers. He provides them with vivid images of what love was like during the 1600s. Shakespeare put virtually indescribable feelings into beautiful words that fit the specific form of the sonnet. He wrote 154 sonnets; all of which discuss some stage or feature of love. Love was the common theme during the time Shakespeare was writing. However, Shakespeare wrote about it in such a way that captivatedRead MoreSonnet 130:- Literary Devices635 Words   |  3 Pages4. WHAT LITERARY DEVICES ARE USED BY SHAKESPEARE TO PUT FORTH HIS IDEAS IN SONNET-130? IS HE COMPLETELY ANTI-PETRARCHAN? [16] 1st part The language spoken and written of great romances is often poetic, passionate, and filled with metaphors of beauty and devotion. In short, the language of love is the language of exaggeration. William Shakespeare ‘s most powerful description of love is when he satirizes this method of writing and in so doing instead claims that honesty and sincerityRead More Essay on Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden860 Words   |  4 PagesLust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden in Her Face  Ã‚     Ã‚   When a comparison is made between There is a Garden in Her Face by Thomas Campion and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, the difference between lustful adoration and true love becomes evident. Both poems involve descriptions of a beloved lady seen through the eyes of the speaker, but the speaker in Campions poem discusses the womans beautiful perfections, while the speaker in Shakespeares poem showsRead MoreSonnet 130 - William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love1264 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2013 Sonnet 130 – William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love I will be writing about William Shakespeare s poem Sonnet 130. In the sonnet, every other line rhymes, with the exception of the last two lines which rhyme on their own as a rhyming couplet. The poem follows the rhyme scheme of a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter, containing fourteen lines and ten syllables within each line. The iambic pentameter makes the sonnet sound redundant,

The Pros And Cons Of Digital Technology - 829 Words

â€Å"If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.† - John Dewey Digital technology has undeniably been integrated as a key module of modern society. From the ancient Stone Age to the Industrial Era of the 19th century to the invention of the television in 1927, humans have thought of ways to simplify tasks and ultimately, their lives. Now, in the 21st century, computers have been developing at incredible rates. Game-changing gadgets come out every year and at such affordable price points, allowing most to obtain these items for their families and themselves. To survive in the current workforce, a smartphone is arguably mandatory; additional pieces such as smartwatches and laptops come with advantages. When the†¦show more content†¦Large corporations such as Samsung and Google are continuously encouraging schools to incorporate their products and programs in the classroom. They sell the idea that advanced electronics will assist children in their learning, but is this true? Figure 1. Image from Samsung Education Solutions webpage. Each individual learns differently. The most popular theory is the VARK model, which stands for visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Educators are always striving to perfect new and improved curriculums so that every student can understand the information given to them to the best of their ability. Because technology is so widely available and popular with the young generation, teachers use this to their advantage and attempt to make school fun. Video games, apps, and social networks can help make learning easier as the children see the projects as activities they would choose to do in their leisurely time. In addition to fun, efficiency comes into play in the topic of technology and education. Children report avoiding homework due to laziness; having to write pages of notes or sketch an image takes time. Computers help reduce physical stress as well as time spent on the assignments. Typing is faster and less painful than writing, and free softwares like SketchUp or Dr aft It can help students create accurate illustrations. Making jobs easier motivate kids to more productive. Ultimately, introducing children to modern gadgets preparesShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Keyboards Versus Pencils Essay563 Words   |  3 Pages Technology is slowly taking over the world. It affects many things, one of them being handwriting. Typing has some advantages over handwriting, but typing also has some disadvantages. Cursive is outdated, and typing is more efficient than handwriting in general. However, handwriting has some benefits over typing. Cursive was a lot more prominent in the past then it is today. According to Remington Korper, cursive was taught before printing. This made it the main form of writing for students.Read MoreIntegrating Instructional Technology Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: INTEGRATING INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY Integrating Instructional Technology Jimmy L. Burnett, Jr. Grand Canyon University: EDU 225 Instructional Technology July 22, 2012 Technology of the past 20 years has become a focal point of teaching and learning. As a teacher, it is my job to facilitate the learning for an individual by creating an environment that not only conducive for learning, but also places the child in a position to discoverRead MoreSamsung Seca: Redefining a Brand1413 Words   |  6 PagesIdentification Samsung SECA has successfully repositioned itself from an unremarkable producer of low-to-mid-market customer electronics and computer components into a provider of stylish, leading-edge consumer electronics due to its shift towards digital technology. Despite efforts to redefine the Samsung brand which included aggressive promotional spending and launching of a number of high-end, â€Å"marquee† products, the old brand perception of the Samsung brand is still there. Hence Samsung was continuingRead MoreEssay about Darkroom vs. Digital Photography1736 Words   |  7 PagesDarkroom vs. Digital Photography A hot topic among photographers is the ongoing debate of darkroom and digital photography. There are never ending lists of pros and cons for each method of photography, each fuelling the long lasting arguments. For a more thorough understanding of the two alternatives, a basic overview of how film cameras operate in comparison to digital cameras is given. Secondly, the pros and cons of darkroom photography are listed and examined. Thirdly the pros and cons of digitalRead MorePersonal and Mobile Computing Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesMobile Computing In today’s society technology is becoming more a part of individual’s everyday life or daily routines a lot more than before the 21th century (Barnatt). For example; Meaning that many people no longer buy newspapers from a news stand , but instead login to an online news cite by using his/her mobile device to read or find out different information. Furthermore, mobile computing will be discussed along with the different types of computing devices ; such as laptops , smart phonesRead MoreDigital / Direct Response Advertising, Sales Promotion, And Research Within Advertising808 Words   |  4 Pagesabout digital/direct-response advertising, sales promotion, and research within advertising. In particular I learned about digital media pros and cons, consumer advertising, and focus groups. I also discovered multiple things that I am able to apply to real life, for instance contests and sweepstakes. After looking more in depth into these parts of advertising, I definitely ha ve a better understanding of them compared to before I looked through these chapters. My first impression on digital mediaRead MorePros And Cons Of Facebook987 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook and its Enemies Technology should take the blame for sexting, bullying, identity theft, and many other social issues. However, others may say technology can help conduct schedules, simplify work and home businesses, coordinate activities, communicate with families and much more. Facebook, the   most famous social networking site, comes with its own pros and cons. Facebook though is an enemy to society and single handedly controls the lives of many people. Now, despise what I believe let’sRead MorePro And Cons Of Technology Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction For the 21-century learner, learning how to navigate technology is essential to success in life. In addition to reading, math, social studies, and science, technology is becoming an important part of curriculum. Integration of technology into already existing curriculum is necessary to maximum instructional time. In addition to preparing learners for technology use in future occupations, technology can enhance a student’s learning especially in reading. With the invention of manyRead MoreCurrent Trends And Issues Of Digital Health Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Trends and Issues in Digital Health and How this Impacts the Nurse Practitioner Jami Smith Chamberlin College of Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing Informatics NR512 Professor Glenn October 4, 2016 Current Trends and Issues in Digital Health and How this Impacts the Nurse Practitioner To improve the health of our nation changes need to be made in the health care delivery system. Digital health has made strides in patient’s access to health care and has provided nurse practitioners with newRead MoreWestern Digital My Cloud Essay511 Words   |  3 PagesWestern Digital My Cloud new technology gadgets, western digital my cloud, western digital my cloud review, western digital my cloud specs western digital my cloud, new technology gadgets, share, hard drive, tb, clouds, ios, android The launch of Western Digital My Cloud has caused reactions among many skeptics who believe that entrusting your data to a cloud service is foolish. However, My Cloud stands out of many new technology gadgets. The device puts a service just like Dropbox in your own home

Bridge paper Free Essays

The builders could not have imagined that it would be still in use over 100 years after its opening (ENDEX Engineering 2007). So who were these people who built the bridge? What gave them the energy to construct one of the world’s greatest marvels? It can be safely said that there were only three people who believed in the project from start to finish. These were the Roeblings’; father, son, and son’s wife. We will write a custom essay sample on Bridge paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story of their achievement is the same so while the remainder of this paper will dwell on son Washington Roebling’s achievements it could just as easily be the story of the other two. Education and Practical Training Washington Roebling was the son of an impressive man, born May 26th 1837 in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania. Few remember his father; which says something about Washington’s accomplishments. His father owned a very successful wire rope business and was a pioneer in the field of iron and steel cable. As Washington grew older, he began to help his father in engineering endeavors. Since wire rope is a superb match for suspension bridge construction with flexibility and a high tensile strength, the Roeblings’ did much work in this field (Invention Factory 2007). Before entering the army, Washington went to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. Much like civil engineering majors today, it took him four years to receive his degree, but it was much more hands on than is allowed today. The education back in the 1800’s was mostly on-the-job training, whereas today computer technologies and weeding out nonconformists through mindless homework play a huge role in education. Today modern engineering students, co-ops and internships help provide realistic situations. During the civil war, in which Washington Roebling served superbly as an engineer officer in the 6th New York Calvary, Washington began to make a name for himself. He built a 1200 foot suspension bridge across the Rappahannock River and spent much of his time in a hot air balloon, the civil war version of air reconnaissance. Before the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, John sent Washington to Europe to study new methods for the sinking of the foundations. Later in his life, Washington would bestow almost all the credit and knowledge obtained for the Brooklyn Bridge to his father. Knowledge from the army and from his dad were used in his finishing of the two giant granite masonry towers that climbed 276 feet above high water over which to suspend wire cables to support a road 135 feet at its highest point above the water. This height was needed for ships to pass under. The bridge would be wide, at 85 feet, and the cables that would support the span would be bound to huge anchorages of 60,000 tons each (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The Brooklyn Bridge was an innovative project. Table 2 shows all the accomplishments and innovations that are related to the Brooklyn Bridge. Socioeconomic and Political Environments After the Civil War, Washington returned to the family business, assisting in completing two more suspension bridges across the Ohio River (Invention Factory 2007). During this time Washington’s father, John, became interested in building a bridge across the East River. New York legislators finally realized the need for a route over the East River and passed a bill for some sort of construction. The largest restriction that the plans for the structure had to abide by was its height over the river, which was set to avoid contact with masts of ships that passes under it. This idea of a bridge was nothing new. For 60 years, different ways of linking Brooklyn and New York had been considered (Trachtenberg 1965). Soon, the city of New York set up the first ferries from Manhattan to Brooklyn in 1812 but more versatile transit was needed. The Brooklyn Bridge was erected out of economic necessity and urban sprawl (Brooke and Davidson 2006). New York City was a huge immigration hub. In the mid-1800’s, men and women began to emigrate from Europe and many settled in Brooklyn. As a result, many lived in boarding houses. Brooklyn at this time consisted mainly of Irish immigrants. Immigrants were paid very poorly considered the work they performed as it was always the most demanding and risky. From 1860 to 1870, Brooklyn’s population growth was 50 percent; the fastest growing city at the time (Trachtenberg 1965). Manhattan was the opposite of Brooklyn, in that it was primarily a business district in the mid 1800’s. Approximately 40 percent of wager earners in Brooklyn had jobs in Manhattan. The northeastern coast was a major hub for imports and manufacturing goods after the Erie Canal was built. At the time the only way to get from Manhattan to Brooklyn was by fairy which was often slow and hampered by storms. Taking the ferries tended to be very dangerous. Plans for a either a bridge or a tunnel over the East River were interrupted by the Civil War. Bridges were thought to be impossible as no materials where known to be strong enough to support the needed span. Part of the problem was that the bridge needed to be high above the channel to allow masted ships to pass beneath it, even at high tide. These details had proved insurmountable until then. A fleet of ferries shuttled people and goods across the river every day. John Roebling, with his wire rope business and history of successful suspension bridges, had a viable solution (Invention Factory 2007). The Brooklyn Bridge would use steel in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 tons where good steel of the same size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (Hart 1967). While it was not trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings’ had faith in its strength. At the time, suspension bridges were viewed with suspicion. Many had failed in storms or under live loads; however, none of the bridges John had built had ever failed. One of the reasons he had succeeded was that he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next century and most famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after John. After due debate, the Brooklyn Bridge Company was formed with John Roebling as chief engineer (Invention Factory 2007). One thing that the times lent to the project was a good source of cheap labor. Poor immigrants, mainly Irish, were the ones who worked the most on the bridge. They also took the brunt of the casualties. Approximately 20-30 people died during construction and administration viewed it as necessary and unavoidable. Labor was very manual and at the time workers had very little power in politics. The Irish workers did not enjoy the choice of date, as it coincided with the Queen’s birthday. Technological Context Construction Details In December 1849, an accident mangled Roebling’s father’s left hand while undergoing testing on the innovative wire rope machinery. This new technology would set this bridge far ahead of its time, utilizing a braded configuration allowing flexibility and easier handling (Trachtenberg 1965). The Brooklyn Bridge would use steel in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 tons where good steel of the same size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (Hart 1967). While steel was not trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings’ had faith in its strength. At the time, steel or no steel, suspension bridges were viewed with suspicion. Many had failed in storms or under live loads; however, none of the bridges John had built had ever failed. One of the reasons he had succeeded was that he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next century and most famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after John’s lifetime. Construction was very hazardous at that time, even for chief engineers. At the start of the project, the Brooklyn Bridge Company lost a crucial member. A ferryboat crushed John Roebling’s foot when he was on site. After having his toes amputated, during which he declined anesthetic, an infection set in and killed him (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Surprisingly there was little debate over who should succeed him. Washington Roebling was already deeply involved with the project so he was appointed successor (Invention Factory 2007). In 1872 disaster struck again. Washington himself was down in the caissons more than any one else. He was suddenly struck with what was called caisson sickness, and is what is modernly called the bends (Invention Factory 2007). This disease was not understood at the time and results from prolonged exposure to high pressures and then sudden decompression, allowing nitrogen bubbles to form in blood and possibly clog them. Washington was not the first to fall ill from the bends, in fact, people had already died of it but work proceeded on. After coming back even though clearly sick, Washington was bedridden, crippled for the remainder of the project. He was only able to stand for 10 minutes at a time when the bridge opened in 1883 (Smithsonian Associates 2004). Washington remained head engineer giving orders from his bed but the person most visible to visitors at the project was his wife, Emily. She knew just as much about the project as Washington. When a board of enquiry was put together to try to oust the bedridden head engineer she removed sufficient doubt from its members for Roebling to stay (Smithsonian Associates 2004). To say she was the head engineer would only be a very slight exaggeration. The towers that supported the span were made out of limestone, granite and concrete. Newly found techniques for making steel made it a cheap, strong metal for the suspension cables (Hart 1967). The first order of business was to sink the two giant caissons into the riverbed to support the towers (Figure 1). These were made of 12 x 12 yellow pine beams and weighed by themselves 3000 tons, having 15 foot thick roofs to keep the excavators from getting crushed by the eventually 80,000 tons of rock piled on top to make up the Towers. John found a new way to devise a foundation. The caissons were floated into place and then sunk into position, driven downward by the towers on top and crews underneath removing the actual riverbed (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Once they reached solid ground the caissons would be pumped full of grout and serve as a perfect foundation. They were undoubtedly the most tedious and difficult part of the bridge construction. Excavation methods consisted of shovel, pick, wheelbarrow, steel bar stone breakers, winches, and ten ton hydraulic jacks, eventually blasting after Washington Roebling conducted a series of experiments in the caisson. Initial rate of caisson excavation and lowering produced 6 inches per week, with a workforce of 360 people constructing the bridge (Trachtenberg 1965). Compressed air was used in the caissons to keep the water out, and the deeper they got (78 feet on the New York side, 45 feet on the Brooklyn side) the higher the pressure needed (ENDEX Engineering 2007). This was dangerous in more way than one. Fires could be catastrophic, and occasionally there would be a blowout that subsequently would allow water back in. The largest of these air releases blew rocks and mud 500 feet into the air in 1870. Fires, from using dynamite, were the worst however. One was found smoldering in the 15 feet of wood under the Brooklyn Caisson, fed by compressed air (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Eventually some timbers were replaced and the rest of the holes were pumped full of grout. The New York caisson was stopped after 78 feet not because it had reached rock but because conditions had become intolerable. As a result, to this day it rests on sand; surprisingly stable (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The Brooklyn and New York Towers were completed in 1875 and 1876 respectively (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The cables were strung after the completion of the towers. Perhaps the greatest calamity struck in the middle of this. A cable snapped, killing two men, and it was found to be very substandard (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Incidentally, the contractor who supplied the steel cable was not John Roebling’s Sons Co, which at the time was owned exclusively by Washington’s brothers. The cables were flawed. Eventually, the wire in all the cables, including 1520 suspenders and 400 diagonal stays, was approximately 3600 miles long (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Personal Characteristics Washington fought in the civil war both on the ground as a military observer from hot air balloons. Washington served at Gettysburg with distinction on Little Round Top and was at the siege of Richmond (Invention Factory 2007). He became very noble and selfless, though cocky at times, during the Civil War. Perhaps the most important part of his war career, however, was that he met his wife to be, Emily Warren, because he served under her brother, General G. K. Warren (ENDEX Engineering 2007). He ended the war at the rank of a Colonel. After the war he helped his father build the Cincinnati-Covington Bridge (now called John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge) before the Brooklyn Bridge. Despite many the huge hurdles of the Brooklyn Bridge project, among which was the fact that Washington became horribly sick and bedridden for most of the actual building from decompression sickness when the huge caissons for the twin towers were sunk in the Hudson riverbed (hence the traditional term ‘caisson sickness’), he managed to oversee all stages of its construction. He did this only with the help of his wife Emily Warren Roebling, who almost every day visited the site and reported to him and who some felt built the bridge herself (The Great Engineers, 1967). The Brooklyn Bridge was opened May 24th 1883 by the president of the United States U. S. Grant, to fireworks and one cent ticket passes to cross. Apparently it was a great relief to Washington Roebling as his health began to slowly improve. After the completing this engineering marvel in 1883, Washington lived a relatively quiet life, mostly as a result of being still partially crippled from his illness, and when his wife died in 1903 he remarried in 1908. He spent much of his time collecting minerals, which was his one great hobby, eventually having 16,000 specimens and ending up in the Museum of Natural History’s mineral and gem collection (Smithsonian Associates 2004). This hobby added balance to his life and probably kept him from accomplishing very much else as it took so much of his time. He outlived his wife Emily and remarried. He became president of his fathers company, John Roebling’s Sons, in 1921 at the age of 79. He brought incredible energy to the position, modernizing the factory with electricity and adding a galvanized wire section. The business prospered under his leadership until 1926, when Washington Roebling died. When one has hobbies such as athletics help keeps a healthy time management of school work and fun down time. College is one of the few times were one can have fun. There is a time and place to enjoy your hobbies but to enjoy these hobbies one must put in an honest day’s work. Conclusion When the Brooklyn Bridge opened to traffic on May 24th 1883, it was one of the grandest engineering marvels of that century in North America. The construction was composed of many firsts. Despite innumerable setbacks, including the untimely death of the original designer of the plan, John A. Roebling, and the crippling of his son, Washington Roebling, who succeeded him in the chief engineer duties it, was finished in 14 years, having been commenced January 2, 1870. At the time of completion it was 50% longer than any other suspension bridge, it was the first to use steel cables, much stronger than hemp or cast iron previously used. The towers that supported the four main cables (each of which supports a total dead live load of about 6 million pounds) for the span were the largest stone and masonry objects of their kind rising approximately 276 feet above the high water mark (Smithsonian Associates 2004). The challenges of this are hard to fathom in today’s world of reinforced concrete. How to cite Bridge paper, Papers

Why PEDs should be legal in sports free essay sample

In life we all strive to be the greatest we can, we do anything to reach our maximum potential. As sports fans we pay to see the best athletes perform at their maximum potential. Performance enhancing drugs do just this; help athletes reach their pinnacle. Currently most are not legal in professional sports, but this should change. With performance enhancing drugs legal it would make professional sports far more entertaining, reduce underground and unsafe drug use, give everybody the option to be on a level playing field, along with many other positive benefits. As sports fans, you pay to see the best players compete at their best possible level. With performance enhancing drugs legal it allows all players the ability to compete at their highest level. In 1998, the peak of the steroid era, baseball saw players putting up the best numbers of their lives. Players were throwing harder than ever and hitting more home runs than ever as well. Sammy Sosa of the Cubs hit 66 home runs and Mark McGuire of the Cardinals hit 70 home runs both breaking the single season home run record of 61, which had stood for 37 years before that. This drew in many fans Time Entertainment states, â€Å"America was captivated by the two huge men and the great home-run race†¦McGwire, with forearms the size of a grown mans neck, 17 inches around, was a gate attraction unto himself, a modern wonder of the world† (Torre, and Verducci, 2009, pg. 1). Attendance and interest was at it’s highest it had been in a long while. According to Time Entertainment, â€Å"Attendance jumped 12%, with almost seven and a half million more people paying their way into ballparks. The per-game major league average improved by 4% to 29,054, the best it had been since before the strike hit. The ratings for games televised by Fox improved by 11%t† (Torre, and Verducci pg. 1). The fans loved these huge men out there playing ball. Not to mention how much money it was bringing in, with all the fans coming, more concessions sales and more merchandise was sold. With this correlation of a high number of steroid users causing high fan attendance and large profits for the teams, I’d say performance enhancing drugs are good for sports. As far as the safety of the players there can be a lot said. Many fans say that these drugs have many harmful effects to your body. This isn’t entirely true, while yes steroids and other drugs do cause some health problems; for the most part these claims are exaggerated. There is no sound study that supports the claims that steroids when used properly cause most of the claims against it; like cancer, heart attacks, and death. Though there is another side to the health coin, with the drugs being illegal many players are forced to go to underground, unregulated labs and get in some cases experimental drugs. These cannot possibly be safe if they are not being regulated. With the legalization of them they can better monitor the athletes and help minimize health risks, along with create a more informed user. The athletes can learn from regulated doctors and consultants on what to use instead of trusting a doctor that will break the rules. Along with having a more informed user with safer drugs the player could then make a responsible choice on what to do. It seems silly to tell a grown adult what they can and cannot do to their bodies if they are fully aware of all the risks involved. Many advocates against the use of steroids claim that it causes an unfair advantage or an uneven playing field. Though according to Norman Frost, the Professor and Director of the Medical Ethics Program at the University of Wisconsin, â€Å"There is no coherent argument to support the view that enhancing performance is unfair; if it were, we would ban coaching and training†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Frost, 2005, par. 1), which basically means that it’s just a tool like coaching that helps athletes reach their maximum potential. With them being banned only a few athletes have access to these advantages because most are not willing to take the risk of being caught. So, the ban on steroids and other performance enhancing drugs actually in fact is the causation of an unfair advantage because it gives access to an option that will better a player to only those willing to break the rules. With it available to any player just like other skill improving things it would help any player who wants to do it not just those willing to break the rules. People also say with the numbers being put up by players is unfair to the players who played back before the steroid era. Though players today have to  deal with modern technology, players with specialization, and many other factors. Like Jost states in his article players, â€Å"†¦[have] to face set-up men and closers that hardly existed in Babe Ruths time, when the Babe could hit against a tiring starter in the late innings† (Jost, 2004, par. 6), which also creates an unfair playing field when compared to the old days. Also in sports there is a higher level of talent now a days, with the integration of sports and with players coming from all over the world to play. To say that steroids are the sole reason that there is an unfair advantage is ludicrous because there are many other factors that cause the numbers to climb and be different from those of the past. There also arises a problem with coercion or peer pressure I guess one could say. It is thought that with the legalization of the performance enhancing drugs that many players will feel obligated to take them just to keep up with the opposition. The pressures put on athletes to take the drugs is really no different than the pressure put on by any kind of skill enhancing activity. If another player lifts more than another player and builds more muscle no one says it’s unfair. There are always options out there and no one is going to make you do anything you don’t want to do. Robert Simon, PHD, states, â€Å"One reason for doubting that they do is that it once again appears as if coercion is being used too broadly. One might just as well say†¦that athletes who practice longer hours than others coerce their competitors into practicing longer hours as well† (Simon, 2004). He makes a valid point that even though they are being out done doesn’t necessarily mean that other athletes will do the same to keep up. For another example, some guys are not big on the weight room so the practice other skills, while other players focus solely on strength, it all depends on what an athlete feels is necessary to compete at the level they want. With the drugs as an option it doesn’t mean the athletes should feel they have to do them to still compete, but it probably does mean they’ll have to work harder in other areas to continue to compete at a high level. I think it could only bring out the best in players and drive them to preform to the best of their abilities, which sports are all about. Finally there comes the drug testing, there are many views that drug testing is effective and good for sports. I find those claims to simply be not true. There are so many ways and loopholes through drug tests that the validity of them is hard to trust in most every case. In Jost’s article he claims, â€Å"†¦Testing is expensive — as much as $500 to $1,000 or more per test. Testing is susceptible to error, cover-up or even sabotage. And, testing can be circumvented†(Jost, 2004), which really makes you question why they even bother drug testing in the first place. Players can also obtain others urine, stop using, pay off officials to â€Å"lose† their sample, or many other ingenious ways around the system. Not to mention how long it takes to crack the code of the ever-changing steroids and develop a test that can detect it. By the time a new steroid is able to be detected the users are on to a new drug. In the Jost article it also states, â€Å"As long as theyre banned, there will be people trying to avoid detection, and theyll have to do it underground†¦theyll be using drugs that wont be adequately tested or subject to [federal] oversight†(Jost, 2004). The testing just puts athletes at a higher health risk. The expense and ease to get around the tests just don’t seem to be worth the trouble. With the tests in place it just causes more experimental drugs and athletes being put at higher risks not to mention they are fairly ineffective. Performance enhancing drugs are already a part of sports whether we like it or not. With the legalization of them a lot of good can come to sports in general. There would be a higher fan involvement, which means more money. It would protect the athletes from dealing with underground suppliers and give the players safer drugs to use. Allow all those who wanted to use them to do so with out fear of punishment creating a more level playing field. Finally get rid of useless harmful testing. While most people think performance enhancing drugs are bad for sports, there are many positives that can come from their legalization.